The discoverers end exponents of Phrenology were two German scientists: Franz Joseph Gall, born in the Grand Duchy of Baden, March 9, 1758, who began lecturing on craniology in Vienna in 1796, meeting with great opposition and even persecution on account of his belief in the influence of the brain upon the contours of the skull. He died in 1828. His pupil and associate, Johann Caspar Spursheim, was born at Longrich on the Moselle, December 31, 1776. Their first great book, Anato-mie et Physiologie du Systène Nerveux el du Cerveau en Particulier, came out in Paris in 1810-19; later, Spurzheim, who had settled in London, published The Physiognomical System of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, based on an anatomical and physiological examination of the Nervous System and the Brain in Particular (London: 1814).
In 1835 W, Lewis translated from the French Dr. Gall's classical work on the subject: On the Functions of the Brain and of Each of its Parts (6 vols).
PHRENOLOGY AND PALMISTRY COMPARED.
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